The Effect of U-Bends on the Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient of Nanofluids Flow
Abstract views: 0 ,
pdf downloads: 0 Abstract
One effort that can increase the convection heat transfer coefficient between fluid and solid surface is adding nanoparticles to the fluid. However, there are several flow-path conditions, such as concavities and U-turns, can affect the distribution of nanoparticles in the fluid and, in turn, the heat transfer coefficient. This paper studies the effect of a U-turn on the transfer coefficient. The study was conducted using numerical simulations to determine changes in the heat transfer coefficient along the U-turn. It was found that the convection heat transfer coefficient increased at several locations on the outside of the U-turn. The heat transfer coefficient also increased at several locations on the inside of the bend, though by smaller amounts.
##Keywords:##
Nanofluids, Reynolds Number, U-bend, Heat Transfer Coefficient, CFD, Al2O3.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
Published
Mar 30, 2026
How to Cite
ALAMIRSYAH, Alamirsyah; TASRI, Adek.
The Effect of U-Bends on the Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient of Nanofluids Flow.
, [S.l.], v. 70, n. 1, p. 100-107, mar. 2026.
Available at: <https://www.isomase.org/Journals/index.php/jomase/article/view/632>. Date accessed: 02 sep. 2026.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.36842/jomase.v70i1.632.
References
[1] Zeitoun, O. & Ali, M. (2012). Nanofluid impingement jet heat transfer. Nanoscale Research Letters, 7(1), 139.
[2] Ahmed, Z., Al-Mussawi, W., Ghodratallah, P., Sadeq, A. M., Hussein, S. A., Rajab, H. & Louhichi, B. (2025). Numerical analysis of performance enhancement in a shell and double-coil heat exchanger using three passive flow and heat transfer methods. The European Physical Journal Plus, 140(6), 567.
[3] Deeb, R. (2023). New correlations for predicting convective heat transfer of single and multi-row heat exchangers employing staggered drop-shaped tubes. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 202, 123689.
[4] Ünverdi, M. (2022). Prediction of heat transfer coefficient and friction factor of mini channel shell and tube heat exchanger using numerical analysis and experimental validation. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 171, 107182.
[5] Alami, A. H., Ramadan, M., Tawalbeh, M., Haridy, S., Al Abdulla, S., Aljaghoub, H., ... & Olabi, A. G. (2023). A critical insight on nanofluids for heat transfer enhancement. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 15303.
[6] Sundar, L. S., Kumar, N. R., Addis, B. M., Bhramara, P., Singh, M. K. & Sousa, A. C. (2019). Heat transfer and effectiveness experimentally-based analysis of wire coil with core-rod inserted in Fe3O4/water nanofluid flow in a double pipe U-bend heat exchanger. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 134, 405-419.
[7] Barai, R., Kumar, D. & Wankhade, A. (2021). Heat transfer performance of nanofluids in heat exchanger: a review. Journal of Thermal Engineering, 9(1), 86-106.
[8] Ukueje, W. E., Abam, F. I. & Obi, A. (2022). A perspective review on thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluids and their application in automobile radiator cooling. Journal of Nanotechnology, 2022(1), 2187932.
[9] Tao, Q., Zhong, F., Deng, Y., Wang, Y. & Su, C. (2023). A review of nanofluids as coolants for thermal management systems in fuel cell vehicles. Nanomaterials, 13(21), 2861.
[10] Thesiya, D., Patel, H. & Patange, G. S. (2023). A comprehensive review electronic cooling: a nanomaterial perspective. International Journal of Thermofluids, 19, 100382.
[11] Pak, B. C. & Cho, Y. I. (1998). Hydrodynamic and heat transfer study of dispersed fluids with submicron metallic oxide particles. Experimental Heat Transfer an International Journal, 11(2), 151-170, doi: 10.1080/08916159808946559.
[12] Gabir, M. M., Albayati, I. M., Hatami, M. & Alkhafaji, D. (2024). An experimental investigation of the convective heat transfer augmentation in U-bend double pipe heat exchanger using water-MgO-Cmc fluid. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 12442, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-63043-6.
[13] Clarke, R. & Finn, D. (2008). Numerical investigation of the influence of heat exchanger U-bends on temperature profile and heat transfer of secondary working fluids. The 5th European Thermal-Sciences Conference, Eindhoven, the Netherlands, 18-22 May 2008.
[14] Rao, V. N. & Sankar, B. R. (2017). CFD analysis of CuO/water nanofluid flow in a double pipe U-Bend heat exchanger. International Journal of Dynamic of Fluid, 13(1), 137-152..
[15] Alguacil, F. J. & Alonso, M. (2024). The motion of Brownian particles suspended in a non-uniform fluid flow. Journal of Aerosol Science, 179, 106382.
[16] Bacha, H. B., Ullah, N., Hamid, A. & Shah, N. A. (2024). A comprehensive review on nanofluids: Synthesis, cutting-edge applications, and future prospects. International Journal of Thermofluids, 22, 100595, doi: 10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100595.
[17] Cengel, Y. A., Klein, S. & Beckman, W. (1998). Heat Transfer: A Practical Approach (Vol. 141). Boston: WBC McGraw-Hill.
[18] Schlichting, H. & Gersten, K. (2016). Boundary-layer theory. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-52919-5.
[19] Chassagne, F., Barbour, M. C., Chivukula, V. K., Machicoane, N., Kim, L. J., Levitt, M. R. & Aliseda, A. (2021). The effect of Dean, Reynolds and Womersley numbers on the flow in a spherical cavity on a curved round pipe. Part 1. Fluid mechanics in the cavity as a canonical flow representing intracranial aneurysms. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 915, doi: 10.1017/jfm.2020.1114.
[2] Ahmed, Z., Al-Mussawi, W., Ghodratallah, P., Sadeq, A. M., Hussein, S. A., Rajab, H. & Louhichi, B. (2025). Numerical analysis of performance enhancement in a shell and double-coil heat exchanger using three passive flow and heat transfer methods. The European Physical Journal Plus, 140(6), 567.
[3] Deeb, R. (2023). New correlations for predicting convective heat transfer of single and multi-row heat exchangers employing staggered drop-shaped tubes. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 202, 123689.
[4] Ünverdi, M. (2022). Prediction of heat transfer coefficient and friction factor of mini channel shell and tube heat exchanger using numerical analysis and experimental validation. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 171, 107182.
[5] Alami, A. H., Ramadan, M., Tawalbeh, M., Haridy, S., Al Abdulla, S., Aljaghoub, H., ... & Olabi, A. G. (2023). A critical insight on nanofluids for heat transfer enhancement. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 15303.
[6] Sundar, L. S., Kumar, N. R., Addis, B. M., Bhramara, P., Singh, M. K. & Sousa, A. C. (2019). Heat transfer and effectiveness experimentally-based analysis of wire coil with core-rod inserted in Fe3O4/water nanofluid flow in a double pipe U-bend heat exchanger. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 134, 405-419.
[7] Barai, R., Kumar, D. & Wankhade, A. (2021). Heat transfer performance of nanofluids in heat exchanger: a review. Journal of Thermal Engineering, 9(1), 86-106.
[8] Ukueje, W. E., Abam, F. I. & Obi, A. (2022). A perspective review on thermal conductivity of hybrid nanofluids and their application in automobile radiator cooling. Journal of Nanotechnology, 2022(1), 2187932.
[9] Tao, Q., Zhong, F., Deng, Y., Wang, Y. & Su, C. (2023). A review of nanofluids as coolants for thermal management systems in fuel cell vehicles. Nanomaterials, 13(21), 2861.
[10] Thesiya, D., Patel, H. & Patange, G. S. (2023). A comprehensive review electronic cooling: a nanomaterial perspective. International Journal of Thermofluids, 19, 100382.
[11] Pak, B. C. & Cho, Y. I. (1998). Hydrodynamic and heat transfer study of dispersed fluids with submicron metallic oxide particles. Experimental Heat Transfer an International Journal, 11(2), 151-170, doi: 10.1080/08916159808946559.
[12] Gabir, M. M., Albayati, I. M., Hatami, M. & Alkhafaji, D. (2024). An experimental investigation of the convective heat transfer augmentation in U-bend double pipe heat exchanger using water-MgO-Cmc fluid. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 12442, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-63043-6.
[13] Clarke, R. & Finn, D. (2008). Numerical investigation of the influence of heat exchanger U-bends on temperature profile and heat transfer of secondary working fluids. The 5th European Thermal-Sciences Conference, Eindhoven, the Netherlands, 18-22 May 2008.
[14] Rao, V. N. & Sankar, B. R. (2017). CFD analysis of CuO/water nanofluid flow in a double pipe U-Bend heat exchanger. International Journal of Dynamic of Fluid, 13(1), 137-152..
[15] Alguacil, F. J. & Alonso, M. (2024). The motion of Brownian particles suspended in a non-uniform fluid flow. Journal of Aerosol Science, 179, 106382.
[16] Bacha, H. B., Ullah, N., Hamid, A. & Shah, N. A. (2024). A comprehensive review on nanofluids: Synthesis, cutting-edge applications, and future prospects. International Journal of Thermofluids, 22, 100595, doi: 10.1016/j.ijft.2024.100595.
[17] Cengel, Y. A., Klein, S. & Beckman, W. (1998). Heat Transfer: A Practical Approach (Vol. 141). Boston: WBC McGraw-Hill.
[18] Schlichting, H. & Gersten, K. (2016). Boundary-layer theory. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-52919-5.
[19] Chassagne, F., Barbour, M. C., Chivukula, V. K., Machicoane, N., Kim, L. J., Levitt, M. R. & Aliseda, A. (2021). The effect of Dean, Reynolds and Womersley numbers on the flow in a spherical cavity on a curved round pipe. Part 1. Fluid mechanics in the cavity as a canonical flow representing intracranial aneurysms. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 915, doi: 10.1017/jfm.2020.1114.
